農業部日前發布了《耕地質量調查監測與評價辦法》，提出加強耕地質量保護與提升的政策措施，全面推進耕地質量調查、監測與評價制度建設。今后，農業部和省級農業部門每5年發布一次全國和省級行政區域耕地質量等級信息，定期發布年度耕地質量監測報告。

　　耕地(di)質量呈現“三大(da)”“三低”態勢

　　農(nong)業(ye)部種植業(ye)司(si)司(si)長(chang)(chang)曾衍德(de)介紹，我國(guo)耕地長(chang)(chang)期高強度(du)、超負荷(he)使用(yong)，退化、污染、基礎(chu)地力下降等問題突出，已成為制約農(nong)業(ye)可(ke)持續(xu)發展和糧食綜合生(sheng)產能力提(ti)升的(de)關鍵因素(su)。加強耕地質量(liang)(liang)保(bao)護，首先(xian)要通(tong)過建立(li)耕地質量(liang)(liang)調(diao)查監測體系、開展耕地質量(liang)(liang)評價(jia)，摸(mo)清我國(guo)耕地質量(liang)(liang)底數。

　　目前(qian)已掌握的(de)耕(geng)地(di)質量(liang)情況大(da)體如(ru)何?曾衍德說(shuo)，總體上看(kan)，當前(qian)我國(guo)耕(geng)地(di)質量(liang)呈現出“三(san)大(da)”“三(san)低(di)(di)”態(tai)勢。“三(san)大(da)”指中低(di)(di)產田比(bi)例大(da)，中低(di)(di)產田面(mian)積(ji)占比(bi)達(da)70%以上;耕(geng)地(di)質量(liang)退化面(mian)積(ji)大(da)，全國(guo)耕(geng)地(di)退化面(mian)積(ji)占比(bi)在40%以上;污染(ran)耕(geng)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)大(da)，全國(guo)耕(geng)地(di)土(tu)壤污染(ran)點位超標率達(da)到19.4%。“三(san)低(di)(di)”指的(de)是有機(ji)質含量(liang)低(di)(di)，補充耕(geng)地(di)等級低(di)(di)和(he)基(ji)礎地(di)力低(di)(di)。

　　據(ju)(ju)介紹，上(shang)世紀中(zhong)后(hou)期以來(lai)，農業部先(xian)后(hou)組織開展(zhan)了(le)兩次全國性(xing)的土(tu)(tu)壤普查，較(jiao)為系(xi)統地掌握了(le)我國土(tu)(tu)壤資源的特點，積累了(le)大量(liang)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)資料成(cheng)果。各級農業部門建立了(le)1萬多個耕(geng)(geng)地質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)測(ce)點，制定了(le)耕(geng)(geng)地質(zhi)量(liang)調(diao)查、監(jian)測(ce)與評價相關技術規程(cheng)及土(tu)(tu)壤檢(jian)測(ce)系(xi)列相關標(biao)準，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)較(jiao)為完備的技術標(biao)準體(ti)系(xi)。此外(wai)，近年來(lai)，通過實施(shi)測(ce)土(tu)(tu)配方施(shi)肥(fei)、耕(geng)(geng)地質(zhi)量(liang)保護(hu)與提升、東北黑土(tu)(tu)保護(hu)利用、湖(hu)南重金屬污染耕(geng)(geng)地治理修(xiu)復等項目，也掌握了(le)一些相關數(shu)據(ju)(ju)。

　　將加(jia)快(kuai)建設耕地質量監測網絡(luo)

　　全國(guo)農(nong)技推廣中心(xin)土(tu)肥監(jian)測(ce)(ce)處(chu)處(chu)長李榮介紹，這次(ci)發(fa)布的《耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)調查(cha)(cha)(cha)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)與評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)辦(ban)法》提(ti)出(chu)了建立耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)調查(cha)(cha)(cha)、監(jian)測(ce)(ce)、評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)與信息發(fa)布等(deng)(deng)制(zhi)度。耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)調查(cha)(cha)(cha)制(zhi)度包括耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)普查(cha)(cha)(cha)、專項調查(cha)(cha)(cha)與應(ying)急調查(cha)(cha)(cha)等(deng)(deng)3類調查(cha)(cha)(cha)。耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)以農(nong)業部(bu)和(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)機(ji)構為主體(ti)，以科研教學(xue)單位的耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)站為補充，對耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)壤理化性狀、養分狀況等(deng)(deng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)變(bian)化情(qing)況開展動態監(jian)測(ce)(ce)。耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)制(zhi)度則包括耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)等(deng)(deng)級(ji)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)、耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)、特(te)定區域耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)、耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)特(te)定指(zhi)標評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)、新增耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)和(he)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)應(ying)急調查(cha)(cha)(cha)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)等(deng)(deng)6類。

　　據介紹，農業部門(men)已全(quan)面啟動全(quan)國重(zhong)點農區(qu)的(de)區(qu)域耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)量(liang)匯(hui)總(zong)(zong)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)工(gong)作，目(mu)前已完成華北小麥、玉(yu)米輪作區(qu)2億(yi)畝、東北黑土區(qu)4.5億(yi)畝、長(chang)江中游水稻(dao)主產區(qu)1.5億(yi)畝的(de)耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)量(liang)匯(hui)總(zong)(zong)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)和水稻(dao)、油菜、大豆(dou)、玉(yu)米作物(wu)產區(qu)耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)量(liang)專(zhuan)題(ti)(ti)調查評(ping)價(jia)(jia)，正在深化西北區(qu)2.3億(yi)畝耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)量(liang)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)和馬鈴薯、棉花產區(qu)耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)量(liang)專(zhuan)題(ti)(ti)調查評(ping)價(jia)(jia)工(gong)作，今(jin)年還正式(shi)啟動了長(chang)三角耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)量(liang)區(qu)域匯(hui)總(zong)(zong)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)工(gong)作。

　　業(ye)內(nei)公認，耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)測(ce)網(wang)(wang)絡是開展耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)量(liang)調查監(jian)測(ce)與評價的(de)基礎。下(xia)一步，農業(ye)部將優先在(zai)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)輪作休(xiu)耕(geng)(geng)制(zhi)度試點(dian)、東(dong)北(bei)黑土地(di)(di)保護利用試點(dian)、華北(bei)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)超采(cai)綜合治(zhi)理(li)(li)、湖南重(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬污染耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)治(zhi)理(li)(li)修復等項目(mu)區布(bu)設一定數量(liang)的(de)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)測(ce)點(dian)。同(tong)時，積極爭取投資，力爭在(zai)“十三五(wu)”時期(qi)，以糧食(shi)主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區、糧食(shi)生產(chan)(chan)功(gong)能區和(he)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)農產(chan)(chan)品生產(chan)(chan)保護區為重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)，構建覆(fu)蓋全國主(zhu)要(yao)土壤類(lei)型的(de)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)測(ce)網(wang)(wang)絡。