作為農(nong)(nong)業產(chan)(chan)量大國(guo)，中國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業從古發(fa)展至近，也經(jing)歷了很多變遷和改革，但目前的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)水平(ping)依然沒有達到(dao)先進的(de)(de)(de)地步(bu)。我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)總體上仍(reng)處于一(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)戶的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)模(mo)式，生產(chan)(chan)規模(mo)小，生產(chan)(chan)個體多，缺乏生產(chan)(chan)標準化應有的(de)(de)(de)規模(mo)基礎(chu)和大規模(mo)生產(chan)(chan)規范化管理整齊劃一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)條件，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)者主要(yao)憑傳統(tong)農(nong)(nong)耕經(jing)驗、種(zhong)養技藝和市場銷路的(de)(de)(de)倒逼機制，確定下一(yi)(yi)(yi)個生產(chan)(chan)周期生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)和生產(chan)(chan)過程中擬采(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)管控措施。　　　　　　　　　　

　　就農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)本質(zhi)而言，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)者和消費(fei)者是最為重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)兩個行為主體，如若生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)者生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)標準化，消費(fei)者熟知明白(bai)，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)自律機(ji)制(zhi)就自然發揮作用(yong)(yong)，政府(fu)執法監(jian)(jian)管(guan)就輕松簡單(dan)了，絕大多數農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)行為可以依托生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)者自律，政府(fu)部門就用(yong)(yong)不著實施“保姆式”的(de)(de)(de)包(bao)攬各環(huan)節的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理，政府(fu)執法監(jian)(jian)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點只需突出督察極個別生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)者的(de)(de)(de)違法違規(gui)行為即可，從而徹底扭轉現在農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全監(jian)(jian)管(guan)重(zhong)在想方設法保障絕大多數農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營主體規(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)被動監(jian)(jian)管(guan)格(ge)局，繼而轉向以嚴打(da)極少(shao)數惡意違法違規(gui)行為為主的(de)(de)(de)執法監(jian)(jian)管(guan)。　　　　

農產品生產經營規模小，標準化生產約束條件不足　　　　

(一)農產品質量安全標準化生產的自律約束機制不健全　　　　

　　按照標準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)原理，只有在規(gui)模化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)大生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)條(tiao)件下，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)大的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系內的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)管理者為了確保(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)群體(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)不同(tong)個(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)間的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)性(xing)，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程規(gui)范(fan)化(hua)，推行(xing)實施標準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)和(he)規(gui)范(fan)化(hua)管理，才能從生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)實現生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效率最高、質(zhi)量(liang)最好、成本最低、效益最優，也是充(chong)分保(bao)障(zhang)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系內各生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)個(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)之(zhi)間質(zhi)量(liang)安全水平和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效率一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)最佳方式之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，更是規(gui)模化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)、企業、合作(zuo)社推行(xing)現代化(hua)管理的(de)(de)(de)必然(ran)選(xuan)擇，是規(gui)模化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)、企業和(he)合作(zuo)社保(bao)障(zhang)所(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)產(chan)品整齊劃一(yi)(yi)、批量(liang)供給的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要手段(duan)。　　　　

　　而對一家一戶的個體或農戶，從生產者本身的利益出發，缺乏標準化生產的外圍激勵機制和自我約束機制。從行為心理和經濟學角度，個體化的生產，越是行為自主和管理創新，越是富有效率和主觀能動性，越符合生產的實際。針對農產品市場國際化和農產品消費的安全優質需求，無論是從國際市場進口的規模化農場生產的農產品，還是國內規模化農產品生產企業、合作社、家庭農場生產的農產品，包括國內量大面廣的分散農戶生產的農產品，對廣大的消費者而言，對購買的農產品都是要求產品安全、質量優良、品質規格一致、供應均衡穩定。市場決定生產，消費決定管理，面對農產品供求基本平衡的客觀現實和廣大消費者對安全優質農產品的客觀需求，在農產品質量安全監管工作中，亟須強化農產品生產者質量安全知識和標準化生產技術的培訓，同時強化廣大消費者科學膳食、理性消費的引導與宣傳，樹立公眾最起碼和最基本的食物營養、健康理念，具備最常識性的食品安全知識，消除不必要的疑慮和恐慌。　　　　(二)全面提高農產品生產者質量安全意識十分重要　　　　

　　從農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)角度，最重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是著(zhu)力培育和(he)養(yang)(yang)成農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量安(an)(an)(an)全意識、標(biao)(biao)準化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)念、守法合規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)底線(xian)、按市(shi)場需求(qiu)(qiu)構建獨到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)模式。無論是規(gui)模化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營主(zhu)體(ti)(包括(kuo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企業(ye)、合作社、家庭農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)和(he)種養(yang)(yang)大戶等(deng))，還是一家一戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)散戶生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)，面(mian)對市(shi)場需求(qiu)(qiu)和(he)公(gong)眾消費(fei)安(an)(an)(an)全，按照法定責任(ren)和(he)義務，都應(ying)當熟悉相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)政策(ce)、質(zhi)量安(an)(an)(an)全知(zhi)(zhi)識和(he)法律(lv)法規(gui)規(gui)定，熟知(zhi)(zhi)所生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種性(xing)(xing)特征(zheng)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長發育特性(xing)(xing)、病蟲(chong)害識別(bie)、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)屬性(xing)(xing)、安(an)(an)(an)全使用(yong)休藥期(qi)間隔期(qi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程安(an)(an)(an)全技(ji)術、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)檔案記錄、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地準出要求(qiu)(qiu)、包裝標(biao)(biao)識、質(zhi)量追(zhui)溯和(he)問題(ti)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)召回及(ji)出現生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)性(xing)(xing)藥害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)急處置等(deng)內容，真正做到(dao)明白(bai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、安(an)(an)(an)全生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、守法生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)規(gui)范生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，從生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)源頭(tou)最主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行為主(zhu)體(ti)入(ru)手，確保(bao)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)標(biao)(biao)準化和(he)質(zhi)量安(an)(an)(an)全全程受控(kong)。　　　　

　　但現(xian)實的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)及生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)者對農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)方面的(de)(de)法(fa)制要(yao)求(qiu)和標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)知識知之甚少，包括(kuo)規模化(hua)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)主體(生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)企業(ye)、合作社、家庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)場)及其員工(gong)，對農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)管控知識和標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技術都嚴(yan)重(zhong)缺乏。這也是農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)問題(ti)特別是受生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)者行為影響的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)獸藥殘(can)留超(chao)標(biao)問題(ti)屢禁不(bu)止、屢禁不(bu)絕的(de)(de)一個重(zhong)要(yao)原因。　　　　

　　要(yao)(yao)真正從生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)源頭入手保障農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)提升農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)平(ping)，當務之(zhi)急是要(yao)(yao)加(jia)快建立(li)和(he)啟動“國家農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)培訓(xun)(xun)工程和(he)培訓(xun)(xun)行(xing)動計劃”，各(ge)級財政每年預算一定的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)從業(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)培訓(xun)(xun)專項經費(fei)，用于農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)培訓(xun)(xun)和(he)國家基礎教(jiao)育階段學生的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)知識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)育。對已從業(ye)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)，可以(yi)按照每3 年輪訓(xun)(xun)1 次的(de)目(mu)標，依(yi)托(tuo)各(ge)級農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)技術推廣機(ji)構、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)技術學校和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技術機(ji)構，普及農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)知識(shi)(shi)、強化農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)全(quan)(quan)(quan)程質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)控制技術培訓(xun)(xun)，增強農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)意(yi)識(shi)(shi)、法(fa)律法(fa)規意(yi)識(shi)(shi)、風險(xian)隱(yin)患責任意(yi)識(shi)(shi)和(he)誠實守信意(yi)識(shi)(shi)。　　　　

農產品質量安全監管需堅持抓重點和重點抓　　　　

　　我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)從2001 年國家實施“無(wu)公害食品行(xing)動(dong)(dong)計劃”以來(lai)，經(jing)過各級黨(dang)委政府的(de)強有力(li)行(xing)政推動(dong)(dong)、專項整治和依法監管，現(xian)已步入“科學管理(li)、依法監督”的(de)法治新(xin)階段(duan)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)水(shui)平(ping)大幅提升，蔬菜、果(guo)品、茶(cha)葉、畜禽產(chan)(chan)(chan)品和水(shui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)例行(xing)監測合(he)格率穩定保(bao)持在96%以上，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)處于(yu)“穩中有升、不(bu)斷向好”的(de)發展態勢，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品供給(gei)豐富(fu)平(ping)穩，消(xiao)費安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)有保(bao)障(zhang)。但客觀地分(fen)析，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問題和隱患還依然不(bu)少，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)監管的(de)基礎(chu)還比較(jiao)薄(bo)弱，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)標準化(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)保(bao)障(zhang)能力(li)和執法監管的(de)能力(li)還明(ming)顯(xian)不(bu)足，亟待加強和強化(hua)。在我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品供求基本平(ping)衡和市場總體缺(que)乏(fa)競爭的(de)大環境下(xia)，保(bao)障(zhang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)依舊是(shi)政府最重(zhong)要的(de)職責，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)監管體現(xian)的(de)是(shi)社會效益、生態效益和公共福祉。　　　　

國(guo)內外的(de)(de)實(shi)踐表明，保障和(he)監管(guan)農產品(pin)質量安(an)全(quan)，是一項(xiang)幾乎只(zhi)有投入卻(que)看不見直接(jie)經濟效益產出(chu)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)眾福祉事(shi)業，需要政(zheng)府大量的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)財政(zheng)投入。　　　　

(一)農產品質量安全監管仍需堅持抓重點和重點抓　　　　

　　這些年(nian)各(ge)級政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)已(yi)高度(du)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視和(he)(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增加(jia)農產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)與食(shi)品(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入，但綜合(he)考量(liang)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)生(sheng)產(chan)總值(zhi)(GDP)和(he)(he)(he)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)財政(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)入，各(ge)級政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)可不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)追加(jia)用于農產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)(he)(he)食(shi)品(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)財力(li)(li)非常有限。據國(guo)(guo)家統計局2015 年(nian)2 月26 日(ri)公(gong)(gong)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據，截至2014 年(nian)12 月31 日(ri)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)陸總人(ren)口136782 萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)，2014年(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)生(sheng)產(chan)總值(zhi)636463 億(yi)元，全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)一(yi)般(ban)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)財政(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)入140350億(yi)元。在目前GDP 人(ren)均(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)4.7 萬(wan)(wan)元、財政(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)入人(ren)均(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)1.1 萬(wan)(wan)元的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家公(gong)(gong)共(gong)財富和(he)(he)(he)財力(li)(li)下，農產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)需(xu)(xu)(xu)堅持兩(liang)方面(mian)(mian)發力(li)(li)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)創造監(jian)(jian)管(guan)條件(jian)和(he)(he)(he)強化監(jian)(jian)管(guan)力(li)(li)度(du)。一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)要(yao)積極(ji)爭取(qu)各(ge)級政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)加(jia)大(da)(da)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)財政(zheng)(zheng)投入，保(bao)障(zhang)最基本和(he)(he)(he)最基礎的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作開支(zhi);另一(yi)個方面(mian)(mian)也需(xu)(xu)(xu)創新農產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)執(zhi)法監(jian)(jian)管(guan)方式，尤其是面(mian)(mian)對量(liang)大(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)廣、周年(nian)開放(fang)式生(sheng)產(chan)、危害(hai)因子眾多的(de)(de)(de)(de)農產(chan)品(pin)及千(qian)家萬(wan)(wan)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農產(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)方式，需(xu)(xu)(xu)堅持抓(zhua)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)抓(zhua)，突出抓(zhua)好影響(xiang)面(mian)(mian)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)產(chan)品(pin)、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)危害(hai)因子、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)環節和(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)生(sheng)產(chan)經營主體，同時(shi)突出抓(zhua)好重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、管(guan)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)措施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)落實和(he)(he)(he)推進(jin)。從生(sheng)產(chan)經營主體上，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中之重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是要(yao)把住生(sheng)產(chan)企業、合(he)作社(she)、家庭農場等規模(mo)化生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵少(shao)數(shu)。　　　　

(二)穩定堅持“兩手抓”工作思路　　　　

　　順向堅持安(an)全(quan)優質(zhi)農(nong)產品(pin)是“產”出(chu)來的(de)理念(nian)，推(tui)行(xing)標準化生產和(he)(he)全(quan)程(cheng)管(guan)控，推(tui)動農(nong)產品(pin)生產方(fang)式轉變(bian)，不斷(duan)提升質(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)水平，并保持在96%以上，實現并爭取(qu)達到96%、97%、98%、99%的(de)產品(pin)是合(he)(he)格(ge)的(de)、安(an)全(quan)的(de)，甚至是既安(an)全(quan)又(you)優質(zhi);逆向堅持安(an)全(quan)優質(zhi)農(nong)產品(pin)是“管(guan)”出(chu)來的(de)思(si)想，強化執法監管(guan)和(he)(he)專項整治，通過對突(tu)出(chu)問題(ti)實施監督檢(jian)查和(he)(he)專項整治，杜絕和(he)(he)消除1 %、2 %、3 %、4%的(de)不合(he)(he)格(ge)，確保不發生重大(da)農(nong)產品(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)事件。　　　　

(三)積極推進監管措施創新　　　　

　　一(yi)要嚴格(ge)農(nong)業投入品監管，對農(nong)業投入品監管要從注重“有效、好用(yong)”轉入追求生態安全(quan)(quan)和農(nong)產品質(zhi)量安全(quan)(quan)，對高效、低殘毒農(nong)業投入品實(shi)行普惠制的補貼(tie)機(ji)制，從源頭確保農(nong)產品質(zhi)量安全(quan)(quan)和生態環(huan)境安全(quan)(quan)與可持續發展(zhan)。　　　　　　

　　二要大(da)力推行(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，加快建(jian)立(li)健全(quan)以農(nong)(nong)獸藥殘留為重點的(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質量安全(quan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)體系，鼓勵(li)依托土地(di)流轉政(zheng)(zheng)策，對農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企業化運行(xing)(xing)、合作社發展與(yu)家庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)場式經(jing)營，嚴格按照“三園兩場”標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化模(mo)式生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，通過“三品一標(biao)(biao)”認證登記的(de)，實行(xing)(xing)財政(zheng)(zheng)獎勵(li)政(zheng)(zheng)策，按照安全(quan)優(you)質標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)產(chan)(chan)量由中央與(yu)地(di)方共同設立(li)財政(zheng)(zheng)獎勵(li)制度和專項(xiang)資金。　　　　

　　三(san)要(yao)盡快(kuai)創設農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)監控(kong)計劃，在(zai)現(xian)有各(ge)級(ji)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)例行(xing)監測、監督抽查和(he)(he)風險評(ping)估的(de)基(ji)礎上，制定和(he)(he)啟動包(bao)括(kuo)部省地(di)縣和(he)(he)鄉鎮各(ge)層級(ji)、貫通農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程和(he)(he)全(quan)(quan)(quan)時段的(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)一盤棋的(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)監控(kong)計劃，統一設立國(guo)(guo)控(kong)點(dian)、省控(kong)點(dian)和(he)(he)市縣監測點(dian)及鄉鎮觀(guan)測點(dian)，按照事權(quan)責任，對各(ge)級(ji)監控(kong)監測所(suo)需資(zi)金(jin)實行(xing)屬地(di)預算與中(zhong)央財政轉移(yi)支付，確保(bao)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)時刻處(chu)于動態監控(kong)，對生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)構建無(wu)時不在(zai)的(de)自律約束機制。　　　　四(si)要(yao)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)推(tui)進農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)追(zhui)溯(su)(su)(su)管(guan)(guan)理，通過國(guo)(guo)家(jia)投資(zi)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)構建國(guo)(guo)家(jia)統一的(de)、鏈(lian)接(jie)各(ge)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)和(he)(he)市場(chang)流通與消(xiao)費界面的(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)追(zhui)溯(su)(su)(su)體(ti)系(xi)與追(zhui)溯(su)(su)(su)平臺，使其成為各(ge)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)良好生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)行(xing)為、合法守規、標準化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)優質(zhi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)展示營(ying)銷平臺，充分調動生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)參(can)與追(zhui)溯(su)(su)(su)的(de)主(zhu)動性和(he)(he)積(ji)極性，實現(xian)其追(zhui)溯(su)(su)(su)價值;同(tong)時通過追(zhui)溯(su)(su)(su)，為市場(chang)流通和(he)(he)消(xiao)費選擇(ze)構建一個直觀(guan)可靠的(de)查詢平臺，讓消(xiao)費透明、放心;同(tong)時形成政府(fu)監管(guan)(guan)網(wang)絡平臺，實現(xian)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)再現(xian)、監管(guan)(guan)在(zai)線(xian)、召回(hui)快(kuai)捷和(he)(he)追(zhui)責精(jing)準管(guan)(guan)理。　　　　

　　五要積極推動基層農(nong)(nong)業綜合執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)，突出(chu)以農(nong)(nong)產品質量安(an)(an)全(quan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)為重點，貫通農(nong)(nong)產品生(sheng)產全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)，延伸農(nong)(nong)產品收(shou)貯運全(quan)鏈條，強化(hua)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)監管(guan)機構建設(she)和(he)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)裝(zhuang)備配(pei)置，通過(guo)基本建設(she)和(he)財政專項，盡快提(ti)升基層農(nong)(nong)產品質量安(an)(an)全(quan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)能力。尤其是(shi)要通過(guo)農(nong)(nong)產品質量安(an)(an)全(quan)全(quan)程(cheng)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)和(he)監管(guan)，使(shi)農(nong)(nong)產品產地(di)環境、農(nong)(nong)業投入品、生(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)、產地(di)準出(chu)、市場準入和(he)質量追溯等真(zhen)正處于完全(quan)受控狀態。